IMPRESSUM P u b l i c a t i o n d e t a i l s F R A U N H O F E R - I N S T I T U T F Ü R A N G E W A N D T E F E S T K Ö R P E R P H Y S I K I A F B I L D N A C H W E I S E Picture credits © Valadymyr - stock.adobe, title / © Andreas Heddergott, TUM, 14 / © Helmholtz/Stefanie Herbst, 17 (right) / © Forschungszentrum Jülich, 19 / © James Thew - stock.adobe.com, 25 / © Universität Konstanz; JoS Quantum; HQS 43 (top to bottom) / © K!NGW!N - stock.adobe, 44 – 45 / © QZabre, 46 / © Ludmilla Parsyak/Fraunhofer IAO, 47 (top) / © Fraunhofer IAO, 47 (bottom) / © HTGF, 48 / © IBM, 49 / © shadowssettle, 50 (top) / © Imperial College London, 50 (bottom) / © IQM, 51 / © Swabian Instru- ments, 52 / © Forschungszentrum Jülich, 53 (top) / © DLR, 53 (bottom) / © CEA, 54 / © CiS, 55 / © Thierry Debuisschert, 56 / © David Ausserhofer, 59 (right) / © Universität Stuttgart, 61 / © Siemens, 65 / © 2018 Andrew Ostrovsky; Kovalenko I - stock.adobe.com, 79 / © Infineon; Fionn Große; Nils Trautmann, 85 (top to bottom)/ © K!NGW!N - stock.adobe, 86 – 87 / © attocube, 88 / © Element Six, 89 / © Alter Technology TÜV Nord UK Ltd., 90 (top) / © Fraunhofer CAP, 90 (bottom) / © Fraunhofer IWM, 91 (bottom) / © QBN, 92 / © Qnami, 93 / © Universität Freiburg, 94 / © Universität Ulm/ Grandel, 95 (top) / © Universität Ulm, 95 (bottom) / © Trumpf, 96 (top) / © Q.ANT, 96 (bottom) / © Quantum Brilliance, 97 / © Keysight, 98 / © U. Meiners, X-FAB, Evatec, Ampleon, 103 (top to bottom) / ETH Zürich, David Ausserhofer, Fraunhofer IAF, C. Mayer, 104 (top to bottom) / T. Metzger, J. Koeth, D. Schill, K. Beilenhoff, 105 (top to bottom) S 103 – 105 / © Mesago Messe Frankfurt, 107 (top) / © Achim Käflein, 107 (bottom) / © Sandra Meyndt, 108 / © IBM Research / Fraunhofer IAF, 109 / © Viacheslav Iakobchuk, Adobe Stock; nd3000, Shutterstock; Gorodenkoff, Shutterstock, 113 (top to bottom) / © K. Kreb, INATECH, 115 (top) / © Fraunhofer CAP, 115 (bottom) / © J. Gocke, Universität Freiburg, 117 / © K. Kreb, INATECH, 122 All others © Fraunhofer IAF, Violetta Budak, Liana Marek, Sandra Schneider Tullastrasse 72 79108 Freiburg, Germany Tel. +49 761 5159-0 Fax +49 761 5159-400 info@iaf.fraunhofer.de www.iaf.fraunhofer.de M A R K E T I N G & K O M M U N I K A T I O N Marketing & Communications Stefanie Griesser Tel. +49 761 5159-214 stefanie.giesser@iaf.fraunhofer.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Nachdruck nur mit Genehmigung der Institutsleitung. All rights reserved. Reproduction requires the permission of the Institute Director. © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik IAF, Freiburg 2021 R E D A K T I O N Editorial Board Anne-Julie Maurer, Lukas Kübler, Stefanie Griesser, Violetta Budak, Oliver Ambacher K O N Z E P T , L A Y O U T , S A T Z , D R U C K Design, layout, typesetting, printing netsyn, Joachim Würger, Freiburg, subculture urban media, Freiburg Fraunhofer IRB Verlag 1 2 8 I A F